Fabrication and Characterization of Charcoal Briquettes Fuel from a Blend of Coconut Husk and Corncob
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, Volume 13, Issue 1,
Page 14-24
DOI:
10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i1254
Abstract
Energy is very essential to human livelihood and makes significant help to economic, social, and environmental features of human development. Biomass is certainly a very significant source of renewable energy worldwide and abundant with high energy potential. This research aimed to characterize and produce briquette fuel from the combination of coconut husk and corncob using starch as a binder. The composite briquettes were produced by varying the mixture ratio of coconut husk to corncob (CH: CC), 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 using starch as a binding agent. The physical and combustion characteristics were analyzed according to the America Society of Testing of Materials Standard. It was observed that the moisture content decreased from 5.02% to 4.88%, fixed carbon increased from 74.20% to 75.13%, volatile matter increased from 20.20% to 21.70%, Ash content decreased from 5.60% to 3.17% and the calorific value increased from 20.35 MJ/kg to 26.75 MJ/kg. The findings also show that the maximum density and durability indexes were 839 kg/m3 and 98.58%.
The briquette at the ratio 20:80 of coconut husk to corncob has the highest calorific value and implies that it has more heating advantages and will therefore be suitable as an alternative solid fuel.
- Biomass
- coconut husk
- corncob
- moisture content
- volatile matter
- calorific value
- ash content
How to Cite
References
Betty OB, Mohammed T, Jones M. Preparation of charcoal briquette from palm kernel shells: A case study in Ghana. Heliyon. 2020;(6):e05266.
Mbamala EC. Burning rate and water boiling tests for differently composed palm kernel shell briquettes. IOSR J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol. 2019;13(3):37–43.
Mekonnen MM, Romanelli TL, Ray C, Hoekstra AY, Liska AJ, Neale CMU. Water, energy, and carbon footprints of bioethanol from the U.S and Brazil. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018;52(24):14508–14518.
Lohri CR. Biomass residues from palm oil mills in Thailand: An overview of the quantity and potential usage. Biomass Bioenergy. 1996;11(5):387-395.
Kammen DM, Lew DJ. Review of technologies for the production and use of charcoal. CA University of California, Energy, and Resource Group & Goldman School of Public Policy, Berkeley; 2005.
World Health Organization (WHO). Health, Environment, and Climate Change. Seventy-Second World Health Assembly, Provisional Agenda Item 11.6.
Available:http://www.who.int/publications/global-strategy/en/
Access on 10 Dec. 2019
Agyeman KO, Owusu A, Braimah I, Lurumuah S. Commercial charcoal production and sustainable community development of the upper west region. Ghana. 2012;5(4):149–164
United Nation Development Programme (UNDP). MAMA study for the sustainable charcoal value chain in Ghana.
Access on 08 Dec. 2010
Agyei FK, Christian PH, Acheampong E. Profit and distribution along Ghana charcoal commodity chain. Energy for Sustainable Development. 2018;47:62-74.
Kissinger GM, Herold M, de Sy V. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: A synthesis report for REDD+ policymakers. Lexeme Consulting, Vancouver Canada. 2012:46.
Ukpaka CP, Omeluzor CU, Dagde KK. Production of briquettes with heating value using different palm kernel shell. Discovery. 2019;281(55):147–157.
UNEP. Technologies for converting waste agricultural biomass to energy; UNEP–United Nations Environment Programme: Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental Technology Centre Osaka: Osaka, Japan. 2013;1–214.
NCTAD. National Green Export Review of Vanuatu: Copra-Coconut, Cocoa-Chocolate and Sandalwood, United Nations Conf. Trade Dev. (UNCTAD). United Nations Publ.
Available:https//unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcted2016d1_en.pdf.2016.
Rahamat SF, Manan WNHWA, Jalaludin AA, Abllah Z. Enamel subsurface remineralization potential of virgin coconut oil, coconut milk and coconut water. Mater. Today Proc. 2019;16:2238–2244.
Lu X, Su H, Guo J, Tu J, Lei Y, Zeng S, Chen Y, Miao S, Zheng B. Rheological properties and structural features of coconut milk emulsions stabilized with maize kernels and starch. Food Hydrocolloids. 2019;96:385–395.
de Oliveira E, Quitete, FT, Bernardino, DN, Guarda, DS, Caramez, FAH. Maternal coconut oil intake on lactation programs for endocannabinoid system dysfunction in adult offspring. Food Chemical Toxicology. 2019;130:12–21.
Akpro LA. Phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity and non-enzymatic browning of sugars extracted from the water of immature coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Scientific Africa. 2019;6:e00123.
Ding KA. Rapid and efficient hydrothermal conversion of coconut husk into formic acid and acetic acid. Process Biochemistry. 2018;68:131–135.
Anuar MF, Fen YW, Zaid MHM, Matori KA, Khaidir REM. Synthesis and structural properties of coconut husk as potential silica source. Results in Physics. 2018; 11:1–4.
Talat M, Mohan S, Dixit V, Singh DK, Hasan SH, Srivastava ON. Effective removal of fluoride from water by coconut husk activated carbon in fixed bed column: Experimental and breakthrough curves analysis. Groundw. Sustain. Dev. 2018;7:48–55.
Muharja M, Junianti F, Ranggina D, Nurtono T, Widjaja A. An integrated green process: Subcritical water, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, for biohydrogen production from coconut husk. Bioresource Technology. 2018;249: 268–275.
Buamard N, Benjakul S. Effect of ethanolic coconut husk extract and pre-emulsification on properties and stability of surimi gel fortified with seabass oil during refrigerated storage. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 2019;108:160–167.
Ram M, Mondal MK. Comparative study of native and impregnated coconut husk with pulp and paper industry waste water for fuel gas production. 2019;156:122–131.
Narayanankutty A, Illam SP, Raghavamenon AC. Health impacts of different edible oils prepared from coconut (Cocos nucifera): A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci. Techno. 2018;80:1–7.
Talha NS, Sulaiman S. In situ transesterification of solid coconut waste in a packed bed reactor with CaO/PVAcatalyst. WasteManag. 2018;78:929–937.
GSS. Main Report. Ghana Living Standard Survey Round 6 (GLSS 6); Ghana Statistical Service (GSS): Accra, Ghana; 2014.
Chirchir D, Nyaanga D, and Kitheko J. Effects of binder types and amount on physical and combustion characteristics of biomass composite briquettes. International Journal of Engineering Research, Science and Technology. 2013;2(1).
Sotande O, Oluyege G, Abah B. Physical and combustion properties of briquettes From sawdust of Azadirachta indica. Journal of Forestry Research. 2010;21:63-67.
Enweremadu C, Ojediran J, Oladeji J, Afolabi I. Evaluation of energy potential of husks from soybeans and cowpea. Science Focus. 2014;8:18-23.
Sotannde OA, Oluyege AO, Abah GB. Physical and combustion properties of charcoal briquettes from neem wood residues. Int. Agrophys. 2010;(24):189–194.
Emerhi EA. Physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from sawdust of three hardwood species and different organic binders. Advances in Applied Science Research. 2011;2(6):236–246.
Ogbuagu J, Onuegbu T Ikelle II, Chimezie O, Anyigor C. Production and analysis of the heating properties of coal and rice husk briquettes using CaSO4 as a binder. Journal of Physical Science and Innovation. 2013;5(1):35–44.
Ikelle II, Anyigor C. Comparative thermal analysis of the properties of coal and corn cob briquettes. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2014;(7):93–97.
Grover PD. Biomass briquetting: Technical and feasibility analysis under biomass densification research project (Phase II). In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Biomass Briquetting, New Delhi, India. 3–6 April 1995; Grover PD, Mishra SK, Eds. FAO Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia: Bangkok, Thailand. 1995:193.
Katimbo A, Nicholas K, Simon K, Hussein BK, Peter T. Potential of densification of mango waste and effect of binders on produced briquettes. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. 2014;16(4):146–155.
Akowuah OJ, Kermausuor F, Mitchual JS. Physicochemical characteristics and market potential of sawdust charcoal briquette. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. 2012;(3):18–26.
Adegoken IA, Baiyewu RA, Aina KS, Adesope AS, Adejoba AL, Abah GB. Combustion properties of briquette produced from mixed sawdust of tropical wood species. Climate Change and Forest Resources Management: The Way forward. In Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial National Conference of the Forests and Forest Products Society, Akure, Nigeria. 2010;368–371.
Adetogun AC, Ogunjobi KM, Are DB. Combustion properties of briquettes produced from maize cob of different particle sizes. Journal of Research in Forest, Wildlife and Environment. 2014;6(1):28–38.
Ige AR, Elinge CM, Hassan LG, Adegoke IA, Ogala H. Effect of binder on physicochemical properties of fuel briquettes produced from watermelon peels. AASCIT Journal of. Energy. 2018;5(2):23–27.
Asamoah B, Nikiema J, Gebrezgabher S, Odonkor E, Njenga M. A review on production, marketing and use of fuel briquettes; Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 7; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE): Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2016:51.
Thabuot M, Pagketanang T, Panyacharoen K, Mongkuta P, Wongwicha P. Effect of applied pressure and binder proportion on the fuel properties of holey bio-briquettes. Energy Procedia. 2015;79:890–895.
Onukak IE, Mohammed-Dabo IA, Ameh AO, Okoduwa SIR, Fasanya OO. Production and characterization of biomass briquettes from tannery solid waste. Recycling. 2017;2(4):17.
DOI:10.3390/recycling2040017
-
Abstract View: 219 times
PDF Download: 84 times