A Prospective Assessment of Biomass Energy Resources: Potential, Technologies and Challenges in Bangladesh
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews,
Page 1-25
DOI:
10.9734/jenrr/2019/v3i430108
Abstract
Olden energy system only operated well when energy fuel was inexpensive and lavishly accessible, but absolutely does not produce affluence if the energy fuel becomes costly and scare. Bangladesh is passing by a cross road in its effort to struggle the present energy crisis and future energy need. Bangladesh has struggled in finding new energy sources for a long time. The extensive dependence on limited coal and gas has put the country under tremendous pressure. It is projected that with the rapid increase in population and industrialization the demand of energy will be doubled in 2050. Geologically it is impossible to connect by the grid line to the rivers, canals, island based off-grid area. Renewable resources has opened new door with ample opportunities for those off-grid areas by generating grid quality electricity. For thousands of years biomass has been overwhelming as associate degree energy supply by men. To ensure the optimal utilization there is the need to assess the existing biomass potential, technologies and challenges. The assessment is conducted by analyzing the accessible data from diverse consistent sources through the procedure of exact qualitative and quantitative to authenticate the results. This assessment evaluates the biomass energy potentiality which includes agricultural residues, forestry residues, animal dung, solid waste from municipalities, and the consumption pattern of biomass, practicing technologies, and challenges in Bangladesh. The assessed entire quantity of biomass source offered for energy in Bangladesh in 2017-2018 is 94.16 (million tons) with yearly energy potentiality of 47 (million tons) of coal equal. In 2017-2018, the retrievable quantity of biomass is 94.16 (million tons) which has associate energy potentiality of 1378 (PJ) that is comparable to 383 (TWh) of electricity.
Keywords:
- Biomass
- Electricity
- Technologies
- Challenges.
How to Cite
Himel, M. T. F., Khatun, S., Rahman, M., & Nahian, A. T. (2019). A Prospective Assessment of Biomass Energy Resources: Potential, Technologies and Challenges in Bangladesh. Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 3(4), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2019/v3i430108
References
Pokharel SH. An Econometrics Analysis of Energy Consumption in Nepal. Energy Policy. 2006;1–12.
Soytas U, Sari R.Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets. Energy Economics. 2003;25:33–37.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-9883(02)00009-9
Asit Mohanty, Devtosh Chaturvedi. Relationship between Electricity Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from India. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 2015;7(2)
DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v7n2p186
BP Statistical Review of World Energy; 2018.
Renewables. Global status Report. A comprehensive annual overview of the state of Renewable Energy; 2018. Available:http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/17-8652_GSR2018_FullReport_web_final_.pdf)
Bangladesh power Development Board.
Available:http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb_new/index.php/site/owner_wise_daily_generation 2019
Dr Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Mohammad Ali. The power and energy sector of Bangladesh: Challenges of moving beyond the transition stage. Paper is presented in a national dialogue on Power and Energy Sector: Immediate Issues and Challenges organized by the Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) held on 10 March, 2019.)
Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority; 2019.
Available:(http://www.sreda.gov.bd/index.php/site/re_present_status)
Independent Review of Bangladesh’s Development. State of Bangladesh Economy, FY 2017-2018.
Available:https://cpd.org.bd/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IRBD-FY2018-First-Reading_Paper-Final-13012017.pdf
https://cpd.org.bd/our-research/cpdirbd/
McKendry P. Energy production from biomass. Part 1. Overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol. 2002;83:37–46.
Dhillon RS, von Wuehlisch G. Mitigation of global warming through renewable biomass. Biomass Bioenergy. 2013;48: 75–89.
Nunes LJR, Matias JCO, Catalão JPS. Mixed biomass pellets for thermal energy production: A review of combustion models. Appl. Energy. 2014;127:135–140.
Jahirul MI, Rasul MG, Chowdhury AA, Ashwath N. Biofuels production through biomass pyrolysis—A technological review. Energies. 2012;5:4952–5001.
Tumuluru JS, Lim CJ, Bi XT, Kuang X, Melin S, Yazdanpanah F, Sokhansanj S. Analysis on storage off-gas emissions from woody, herbaceous, and torrefied biomass. Energies. 2015;8:1745–1759.
Fournel S, Palacios JH, Morissette R, Villeneuve J, Godbout S, Heitz M, Savoie, P. Influence of biomass properties on technical and environmental performance of a multi-fuel boiler during on-farm combustion of energy crops. Appl. Energy 2015;141:247–259.
Morison J, Matthews R, Miller G, Perks M, Randle T, Vanguelova E, White M, Yamulki, S. Understanding the Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Balance of Forests in Britain; Forestry Commission Research Report; Forestry Commission: Edinburgh, UK; 2012.
Suzuki K, Tsuji N, Shirai Y, Hassan MA, Osaki M. Evaluation of biomass energy potential towards achieving sustainability in biomass energy utilization in Sabah, Malaysia. Biomass Bioenergy. 2017;97: 149–154.
Szyszlak-Barglowicz J, Zajac G, Slowik T. Research on emissions from Combustion of Pellets in Agro Biomass Low Power Boiler. Rocz. Ochr. Srodowiska. 2017;19: 715–730.
Zajac G, Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J, Słowik T, Wasilewski J, Kuranc A. Emission characteristics of biomass combustion in a domestic heating boiler fed with wood and Virginia Mallow pellets. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2017;26:4663–4670.
Konieczynski J, Komosinski,´ B, Cie´slik, E, Konieczny T, Mathews B, Rachwał T, Rzonca,´ G. Research into properties of dust from domestic central heating boiler fi red with coal and solid biofuels. Arch. Environ. Prot. 2017;43:20–27.
Williams A, Jones JM, Ma L, Pourkashanian M. Pollutants from the combustion of solid biomass fuels. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2012;38:113–137.
Simone Simões Amaral, João Andrade de Carvalho Jr., Maria Angélica Martins Costa and Cleverson Pinheiro. Particulate matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion. Atmosphere. 2016;7:141.
DOI: 10.3390/atmos7110141
Gour Chand Mazumder, Md. Habibur Rahman, Saiful Huque, S M Nasif Shams. A Modeled Carbon Emission Analysis of Rampal Power Plant In Bangladesh and A Review of Carbon Reduction Technologies, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research. 2016;5(7).
ISSN 2277-8616.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Yearbook of Agriculture Statistics;2018.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Agricultural Year Book of Bangladesh; 2014.
Available:http://www.bbs.gov.bd/home.aspx
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute. Ministry of Agriculture. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014.
Available:http://www.bsri.gov.bd/
Department of Agricultural Extension. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014.
〈http://www.dae.gov.bd/〉 [2014].
[28]Bangladesh Agriculture – products. Available:http://www.indexmundi.com/agricul ture /?country=bd
Cotton Development Board (CDB). Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014.
Available:http://www.cdb.gov.bd/
Apex planet; 2014.
Available:http://apexplanet.blogspot.com/2012/11/lakkatura-tea-esta te-oldest-tea-garden.html
Cotton Development Board (CDB). Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh;2014.
Available: http://www.cdb.gov.bd/
Ministry of Finance. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014. Available: http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/
Mondal MAH, Denich M. Assessment of renewable energy resources poten- tial for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev. 2010; 14(8):2401–13.
Biomass – SEPS; 2013.
Available:http://www.seps.sk/zp/fond/dieret/biomass.html
Islam MR, Islam MR, Beg MRA. Renewable energy resources and technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev. 2008; 12:299–343.
Hossain AK, Badr O. Prospects of renewable energy utilization for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev. 2007;11:1617–49.
Barun Kumar Das and S. M. Najmul Hoque. Assessment of the Potential of Biomass Gasification for Electricity Generation in Bangladesh. Journal of Renewable Energy.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/429518.
Baqui MA. Present status and future potential of utilization of rice-by-products in Bangladesh, in Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Tech- nology, Bangladesh Society of Agricultural Engineering. 1997;1:284–288.
Talukder MSU, Shirazi, SM. Performance of different tillage implements and irrigation regimes on yield of wheat,” in Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Agri- cultural Engineering and Technology Exhibition. Bangladesh Society of Agricultural Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1997;1:31– 37.
Biswas and Khan, Project Report on Utilization and Estima- tion of Crop Biomass and Bio-Energy, Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; 2000.
Hossain SMI, Zaman MA, Huq MM, Abdullah M. Potential of sugarcane as a renewable source of energy in Bangladesh. Journal of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanics. 1994;1(1):47–52.
Mondal MRI, Wahhab MA. Production Technology of Oilcrops, Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh; 2001.
Zaman MA. Biomass and bioenergy potentials of selected agricultural crops in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Renewable Energy: Biomass/Bio Energy, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2006.
Ali OM. Production through relay cropping in transplant aman rice in medium low lands of Bangladesh [Ph.D. thesis], Department of Botany, Life and Earth Science Faculty, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; 2010.
Grover S, Kathuria RS, Kaur M. Energy values and technologies for non woody biomass: as a clean source of energy,” IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 2012;1(2):10–14.
Biomass Energy Foundation: Proximate/Ultimate Analysis.
Available:http://drtlud.com/BEF/proximat.htm.
Schaffer and Associates International, Rice Husk to Energy: A Preliminary Assessment for the Republic of Mali, Schaf fer and Associates International, Baton Rouge, La, USA; 2005.
Singh RI. Combustion of biomass in an atmospheric Fbc: an experience and study, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, December; 2007.
Yokoyama S, Ogi T, Nalampoon A. Biomass energy potential in Thailand. Biomass Bioenergy. 2000;18:405–10.
Koopmans A. Biomass energy resources for power and energy. In: Options for dendro power in Asia: report of the expert consultation 1998. Manila, bvgPhilippines: FAO; 1998.
Mondal AH. Implications of renewable energy technologies in the Bangla- desh power sector: long-term planning strategies. ZEF; 2010.
Koopmans A, Koppejan J. Agricultural and forest residues—generation, utilization and availability. In: Regional consultation on modern applications of biomass energy 1997. Kualampur, Malaysia: FAO; 1997; 6–10.
Demirbaş Ayhan. Calculation of higher heating values of biomass fuels. Fuel 1997;76(5):431–4.
Md. Ashraful Islam , Md. Shameem Hossain , Md. Ashraful islam , Md. Tanzilul Islam and Salma A. Iqbal. “Municipal Solid Waste Management in Sylhet City, Bangladesh”, Proceedings of the WasteSafe 2017 – 5th International Conference on Solid Waste Management in South Asian Countries 25-27 February Khulna, Bangladesh; 2017.
Ahsan A., Alamgir M, El-Sergany MM, Shams S, Rowshon MD, Nik Daud NN. Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in a Developing Country, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Chinese Journal of Engineering; 2014.
Article ID 561935
M. Alamgir.,A. Ahsan. Municipal Solid Waste And Recovery Potential: Bangladesh Perspective. Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 2007;4(2):67-76.
Md. Anwarul Abedin and M. Jahiruddin. “Waste generation and management in Bangladesh: An overview. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015;1(1):114-120.
SMS Rahman, S.S., Kashif Mahmud. Study of Solid Waste Management and its Impact on Climate Change: A Case Study of Dhaka City in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Environment Network JAPAN (BENJapan). 2009;229-231.
Hamid Khan, A.,Fayyaz Khan, M. Prospects of electricity generation from municipal solid waste of Dhaka city. Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET), 2009 1st International Conference on the IEEE; 2009;1-4.
Sufian MA, Bala BK. Modelling of electrical energy recovery from urban solid waste system: The case of Dhaka city. Renewable Energy. 2006;31:1573-1580.
Bahauddin KM, Uddin MH. Prospect of solid waste situation and an approach of environmental management measure (EMM) Model for Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Case Study of Dhaka City. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources. 2012;5(1):99-111.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) and ADB Institute. Partnerships for Better Municipal Management”.Manila: ADB, Philippines; 2000.
Zurbrügg C. Urban Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries of Asia How to Cope with the Garbage Crisis” paper presented for: Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) Urban Solid Waste Management Review Session, Durban, South Africa; 2002.
JICA. The study on the solid waste management in Dhaka city Clean Dhaka Master Plan. Japan Internal Cooperation Agency (JICA), Pacific Consultants International Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Dhaka; 2005.
A.Z.A. Saifullah, Md. Tasbirul Islam. “Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Dhaka City, Bangladesh”, American Journal of Engineering Research. 5(2):88-100.
Rathi S. Alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India. Waste Management.2006;26:1192-1200
Keser S, Duzgun S, Aksoy A. Application of spatial and non-spatial data analysis in determination of the factors that impact municipal solid waste generation rates in Turkey. Waste management. 2012;32: 359-371.
Weng Y-C,Fujiwara T. Examining the effectiveness of municipal solid waste management systems: an integrated cost– benefit analysis perspective with a financial cost modeling in Taiwan. Waste management. 2011;31:1393-1406.
Md. Lokman Hossain , Satyajit Roy Das , Snigdha Talukder , Mohammed Kamal Hossain. Generation of Municipal Solid Waste in Commercial City of Bangladesh”, Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques. 2014;2(3):109-114.
Nasrin ST. Urban Development on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2014.
Suraiya Yasmin1, Md Imranur Rahman. A Review of Solid Waste Management Practice in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.
DOI: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20170502.11
R. P. Singh, V. V. Tyagi, T. Allen, M. H. Ibrahim, and R. Kothari, “An overview for exploring the possibilities of energy genera- tion from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Indian scenario,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011; 15(9): 4797–4808.
Pasek A D,. Gultom KW, A. Suwono, Feasibility of recovering energy from municipal solid waste to generate electricity,” Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences. 2013;45(3):241–256.
Wess JA., Olsen LD, Sweeney MH, Concise Inter- national Chemical Assessment Document 59. Asphalt (Bitu- men), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004.
Available:http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad59.pdf.
N. Othman, N. E. A. Basri, N. M. Yunus, and L. M. Sidek, “Determination of physical and chemical characteristics of electronic plastic waste (Ep-Waste) resin using proximate and ultimate analysis method,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Construction and Building Technology. 2008;169– 180.
Castaldi MJ. Perspectives on sustainable waste management. Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering. 2014;5:547
Peng X, Ou W, Wang, C., Wang, Z., Huang Q, Jin J, Tan, J. Occurrence and ecological potential of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in groundwater and reservoirs in the vicinity of municipal landfills in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2014; 490:889-898.
Smith C, Whitty K, Quintero M, Ojeda BS. Opportunities for Energy Produc- tion from Solid Waste in the Mexicali Region. Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Salt Lake City: Utah; 2007;2–5.
Parizeau K, Maclaren V, Chanthy L. Waste characterization as an element of waste management planning: lessons learned from a study in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2006;49:110–28.
Kofoworola O., Recovery and recycling practices in municipal solid waste management in Lagos, Nigeria. Waste management. 2007;27:1139-1143.
Assamoi, B.,Lawryshyn, Y. The environmental comparison of landfilling vs. incineration of MSW accounting for waste diversion. Waste management. 2012;32: 1019-1030.
Chattopadhyay, S., Dutta, A.,Ray, S., 2009. Municipal solid waste management in Kolkata, India – A review. Waste Management. 2009;29:1449-1458.
Enayetullah I, Hossain, I., Sinha, A.H.M.M. Alam M. CDM and its Opportunities in Bangladesh Capacity Development for Clean Development Mechanism in Bangladesh. WASTE CONCERN, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2003.
Barun Kumar Das, Md. Abdul Kader, S.M.Najmul Hoque. “Energy Recovery Potential from Municipal Solid Waste in Rajshahi City by Landfill Technique”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH, Vol.4, No.2, 2014.
Available:http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/bangladesh-population/ Accessed on 2019.
Waste Concern.
Available:http://www.wasteconcern.org/.
Available:http://www.dls.gov.bd/site/page/22b1143b-9323-44f8-bfd8-647087828c9b/Livestock-Economy
Mondal MAH, Denich M. Assessment of renewable energy resources poten- tial for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev 2010;14(8):2401–13.
Narang HP, Parashar DC, Bhattacharya SC, Salam PA. A study of biomass as a source of energy in India. RERIC Int Energy J. 1999;21:11–23.
Othman MYH, Yatim B, Salleh MM. Chicken dung biogas power generating system in Malaysia. Renew Energy 1996;9:930–3.
Parikh JK, Ramanathan R. Linkages among energy, agriculture and environ- ment in rural India. Energy Econ 1999;21:561–85.
Auke Koopmans and Jaap Koppejan. Agricultural and forest Residues Generation, Utilization and Availability. FAO ;1998.
Rashid MA. A review of the forest status in Bangladesh and the potential for forest restoration for wildlife conservation.
APFSOS II. Biomass energy in the Asia-pacific region: current status, trends and future setting by Tini Gumartini. Bangkok: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations regional office for Asia and the pacific; 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Year book of forest products, 2016. (http://www.fao.org/3/I9987M/i9987m.pdf)
Hashem MA. Wood fuel utilization in rural industries. In: National Training Course on Wood fuel in Bangladesh—Production and Marketing Bogra, Bangladesh: FAO. 1996;7–11.
Rosemarie Yevich, Jennifer A. Logan. An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world. Submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles; 2002.
Ravindranath NH, Somashekar HI, Nagaraja MS, Sudha P, Sangeetha G, Bhattacharya SC, et al. Assessment of sustainable non-plantation biomass resources potential for energy in India. Biomass Bioenergy. 2005;29 (3):178– 90.
Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P, Runqing H, Somashekar HI, Racelis DA, Rathnasiri PG, et al. An assessment of the potential for non-plantation biomass resources in selected Asian countries for 2010. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3):153–66.
Junfeng L, Runqing H, Yanqin S, Jingli S, Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P. Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in China. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3):167–77.
Sajjakulnukit B, Yingyuad R, Maneekhao V, Pongnarintasut V, Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P. Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non- plantation biomass resources in Thailand. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3): 214–24.
Elauria JC, Castro MLY, Elauria MM, Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P. Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in the Philippines. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3):191–8.
Halder Pk, Paul N, Beg M RA. Assessment of biomass energy resources and related technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 39. 2014;444-460.
Rehling U. Small biogas plants, Biogas plant for rural household. Design and Construction, SESAM Sustainable Energy Systems and Management, Flensburg, Germany; 2001.
Available:http://www.uni-flensburg.de/sesam/
Description of the biggest production in an agricultural biogas plant; 2013.
Available:http:// www.bios-bioenergy.at/ en/electricity-from-biomass/biogas.html
NWP, editor. Smart Sanitation Solutions. Examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment and use of sanitation products. Amsterdam: Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP); 2006.
Available:http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default /files/NWP-2006-Smartsanita tion.pdf
ASHDEN, editor. Domestic biogas for cooking and sanitation. London: The Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy; 2005.
Available:http://www.ashden.org/win ners/bsp〉
[Accessed June 2013]
Government of the people’s republic of bangladesh ministry of power, energy and mineral resources, national energy policy, Dhaka; 2004.
Md. Tahmid Farhan Himel, Sheikh Shehab Uddin, Fahmid Kabir , Abu Hena MD Shatil, “Analysis of pH factor of Small Range Biogas Production with Local Ingredients. Cardiff Journals. 2018;33:77-83.
K. Aktaruzzaman, “Operation and Maintenance of Biogas Plants, Production of Biogas and Generation of Electricity”, National Training Workshop on ‘Renewable Energy Education in Bangladesh’ organized by the Centre for Energy Studies , BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2003.
An Aspect of Biogas Plants at Pabna District in Bangladesh by T.H. Mahdi#1, Z.M. Hasib#2, M. Ali*3, M.A.R. Sarkar#4 #Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Final report Biogas Audit Bangladesh 2011 – 2013. Volume II NDBMP-IDCOL Dhaka/Bangladesh.
Biogas upgrading technologies development and innovation by Anneli Petarsson and Arthur Wellinger.
The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste in Bangladesh. A Case Study of Gazipur District by SHEIKH ASHRAF UZ ZAMAN Matriculation No. 533137, Supervisors: 1. Dipl.-Ing. Wulf Boie 2. Dr. Dieter W. Klein
D. Dayton, A Review of the Literature on Catalytic Biomass Tar Destruction: Milestone Completion Report, NREL/TP, Golden, Colo, USA; 2002.
Kishore VVN, Ed., Renewable Energy, Engineering and Technology: A Knowledge Compendium, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India; 2008.
Dasappa S, Subbukrishna DN, Suresh KC, P. J. Paul, and G. S. Prabhu. Operational experience on a grid connected 100 kWe biomass gasification power plant in Karnataka, India. Energy for Sustainable Development. 2011;15(3):231–239.
Ghosh S, Das TK., T. Jash. Sustainability of decentralized woodfuel-based power plant: an experience in India. Energy. 2004;29(1):155–166.
Jain BC. Commercialising biomass gasifiers: Indian experi- ence,” Energy for Sustainable Development. 2000;4(3):72– 82.
Ravindranath NH, Somashekar HI, S. Dasappa, and C. N. J. Reddy, “Sustainable biomass power for rural India: case study of biomass gasifier for village electrification. Current Science. 2004; 87(7):32–941.
Environmental Protection Agency Combined Heat and Power Partnership (EPA-CHP), Biomass Conversion Technologies in Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA; 2007.
Bhattacharya SC , P. A. Salam, A Review of Selected Biomass Energy Technologies, Asian Regional Research Programme in Energy, Environment and Climate (ARRPEEC), Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand; 2006.
Infrastructure Development Company Limited.
Available:http://www.idcol.org/energy Project.php
[Accessed June 2013].
Moral M.N.A, and Rahman A.N.M.M. Briquetting Activities in Bangladesh. Proceedings of Training Workshop on Renewable Energy Education and Application for Rural Communities in Bangladesh. Organized by Center for Energy Studies, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1999;368-379.
BBS. Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, published in December 2005; 2004.
Bhattacharya SC, Leon MA, Rahman MM. A study on improved biomass briquetting. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomass- based Fuels and Cooking Systems, BFCS, Pune, India. 2000;20–24.
Bhattacharya SC, Leon MA, Rahman MM. A study on improved biomass briquetting. Energy Sustainable Dev 2002;2:106– 10.
Moral MNA. Biomass densification: development of briquetting packages in Bangladesh. UK: World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC); 2000.
Moral MNA, Rahman MM. Utilization of biomass for briquetting in Bangla- desh. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2001.
Rahman ANMM, Moral MNA, Rahman MM. State of the art of biomass briquetting in Bangladesh. In: Proceedings of the International Conference and Workshop on Critical Issues in Energy and Development – Challenges for the OIC Countries, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2000;234–43.
Ahmed S, Rahman MM, Islam MA, Mashud M, Moral MNA. Role of biomass briquetting in the renewable energy sector and poverty diminution for Bangladesh.
Alam MM, Islam H, Hasan M, Siddique TA. A study of biomass briquette in Bangladesh.
Rasel Ahmed, Raju Ahamed. International Conference on Energy and Environment; 2018. Paper ID [ICEE_2018_01]
World Health Organization (WHO). Available:http://www.who.int/mediacentre/fact sheets /fs292/en/
[accessed June 2013].
Md Faysal Ahmed Jamadder. The Mechanization of Everyday Life: How Improved Cook Stove and Gas Stove Entered in Rural Areas of Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management. 2017;9(32).
ISSN 2222-1905 ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
MA Quaiyum Sarkar, Nasima Akter, Mizanur Rahman. Assessment of Existing Improved Cook Stove in Bangladesh. BRAC Research Report; 2006.
Alam S. Integrated modeling of a rural energy system: A system dynamics approach. (ph.d. thesis). dhaka, bangladesh: department of electrical and electronics engineering, bangladesh university of engineering and technology; 1991.
Biswas WK, Lucas NJD. Energy consumption in the domestic sector in a Bangladesh village. Energy 1997;22:771–6.
The State of Renewable Energies in Europe, 14th Eur Observ’ER Report, 14th Edition.
Bose SK. Wood fuel production programs and strategies of the forest department. In: National training course on wood fuel in Bangladesh— Production and marketing 1996. Bogra, Bangladesh: FAO; 1991;7–11.
Samina Rahman, Mohammad I. Azim. Sustainability and the Environment: Prospect and Challenges of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh. Electronic copy Available:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1951606
Beck F, Martinot E. Renewable Energy Policies and Barriers. Forthcoming in Encyclopedia of Energy, viewed on 5 September; 2011.
Available:http://martinot.info/Beck_Martinot_AP.pdf.
Ahiduzzaman M. Rice Husk Energy Technologies in Bangladesh. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal. Invited Overview. 2007;1(9).
DoE. A Compliation of Environmental Laws of Bangladesh administered by the Department of Environment. Published by department of Environment. Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The People's Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka; 2003.
Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources. The People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Available:http://energyhack.mpemr.gov.bd/challenges/
Gustavsson L, Madlener R. CO2 mitigation costs of large-scale Bioenergy technologies in competitive electricity markets. Energy. 2003;28:1405–25.
Soytas U, Sari R.Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets. Energy Economics. 2003;25:33–37.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-9883(02)00009-9
Asit Mohanty, Devtosh Chaturvedi. Relationship between Electricity Energy Consumption and GDP: Evidence from India. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 2015;7(2)
DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v7n2p186
BP Statistical Review of World Energy; 2018.
Renewables. Global status Report. A comprehensive annual overview of the state of Renewable Energy; 2018. Available:http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/17-8652_GSR2018_FullReport_web_final_.pdf)
Bangladesh power Development Board.
Available:http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/bpdb_new/index.php/site/owner_wise_daily_generation 2019
Dr Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Mohammad Ali. The power and energy sector of Bangladesh: Challenges of moving beyond the transition stage. Paper is presented in a national dialogue on Power and Energy Sector: Immediate Issues and Challenges organized by the Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) held on 10 March, 2019.)
Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority; 2019.
Available:(http://www.sreda.gov.bd/index.php/site/re_present_status)
Independent Review of Bangladesh’s Development. State of Bangladesh Economy, FY 2017-2018.
Available:https://cpd.org.bd/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IRBD-FY2018-First-Reading_Paper-Final-13012017.pdf
https://cpd.org.bd/our-research/cpdirbd/
McKendry P. Energy production from biomass. Part 1. Overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol. 2002;83:37–46.
Dhillon RS, von Wuehlisch G. Mitigation of global warming through renewable biomass. Biomass Bioenergy. 2013;48: 75–89.
Nunes LJR, Matias JCO, Catalão JPS. Mixed biomass pellets for thermal energy production: A review of combustion models. Appl. Energy. 2014;127:135–140.
Jahirul MI, Rasul MG, Chowdhury AA, Ashwath N. Biofuels production through biomass pyrolysis—A technological review. Energies. 2012;5:4952–5001.
Tumuluru JS, Lim CJ, Bi XT, Kuang X, Melin S, Yazdanpanah F, Sokhansanj S. Analysis on storage off-gas emissions from woody, herbaceous, and torrefied biomass. Energies. 2015;8:1745–1759.
Fournel S, Palacios JH, Morissette R, Villeneuve J, Godbout S, Heitz M, Savoie, P. Influence of biomass properties on technical and environmental performance of a multi-fuel boiler during on-farm combustion of energy crops. Appl. Energy 2015;141:247–259.
Morison J, Matthews R, Miller G, Perks M, Randle T, Vanguelova E, White M, Yamulki, S. Understanding the Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Balance of Forests in Britain; Forestry Commission Research Report; Forestry Commission: Edinburgh, UK; 2012.
Suzuki K, Tsuji N, Shirai Y, Hassan MA, Osaki M. Evaluation of biomass energy potential towards achieving sustainability in biomass energy utilization in Sabah, Malaysia. Biomass Bioenergy. 2017;97: 149–154.
Szyszlak-Barglowicz J, Zajac G, Slowik T. Research on emissions from Combustion of Pellets in Agro Biomass Low Power Boiler. Rocz. Ochr. Srodowiska. 2017;19: 715–730.
Zajac G, Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J, Słowik T, Wasilewski J, Kuranc A. Emission characteristics of biomass combustion in a domestic heating boiler fed with wood and Virginia Mallow pellets. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2017;26:4663–4670.
Konieczynski J, Komosinski,´ B, Cie´slik, E, Konieczny T, Mathews B, Rachwał T, Rzonca,´ G. Research into properties of dust from domestic central heating boiler fi red with coal and solid biofuels. Arch. Environ. Prot. 2017;43:20–27.
Williams A, Jones JM, Ma L, Pourkashanian M. Pollutants from the combustion of solid biomass fuels. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2012;38:113–137.
Simone Simões Amaral, João Andrade de Carvalho Jr., Maria Angélica Martins Costa and Cleverson Pinheiro. Particulate matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion. Atmosphere. 2016;7:141.
DOI: 10.3390/atmos7110141
Gour Chand Mazumder, Md. Habibur Rahman, Saiful Huque, S M Nasif Shams. A Modeled Carbon Emission Analysis of Rampal Power Plant In Bangladesh and A Review of Carbon Reduction Technologies, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research. 2016;5(7).
ISSN 2277-8616.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Yearbook of Agriculture Statistics;2018.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Agricultural Year Book of Bangladesh; 2014.
Available:http://www.bbs.gov.bd/home.aspx
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute. Ministry of Agriculture. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014.
Available:http://www.bsri.gov.bd/
Department of Agricultural Extension. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014.
〈http://www.dae.gov.bd/〉 [2014].
[28]Bangladesh Agriculture – products. Available:http://www.indexmundi.com/agricul ture /?country=bd
Cotton Development Board (CDB). Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014.
Available:http://www.cdb.gov.bd/
Apex planet; 2014.
Available:http://apexplanet.blogspot.com/2012/11/lakkatura-tea-esta te-oldest-tea-garden.html
Cotton Development Board (CDB). Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh;2014.
Available: http://www.cdb.gov.bd/
Ministry of Finance. Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; 2014. Available: http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/
Mondal MAH, Denich M. Assessment of renewable energy resources poten- tial for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev. 2010; 14(8):2401–13.
Biomass – SEPS; 2013.
Available:http://www.seps.sk/zp/fond/dieret/biomass.html
Islam MR, Islam MR, Beg MRA. Renewable energy resources and technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev. 2008; 12:299–343.
Hossain AK, Badr O. Prospects of renewable energy utilization for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev. 2007;11:1617–49.
Barun Kumar Das and S. M. Najmul Hoque. Assessment of the Potential of Biomass Gasification for Electricity Generation in Bangladesh. Journal of Renewable Energy.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/429518.
Baqui MA. Present status and future potential of utilization of rice-by-products in Bangladesh, in Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Tech- nology, Bangladesh Society of Agricultural Engineering. 1997;1:284–288.
Talukder MSU, Shirazi, SM. Performance of different tillage implements and irrigation regimes on yield of wheat,” in Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Agri- cultural Engineering and Technology Exhibition. Bangladesh Society of Agricultural Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1997;1:31– 37.
Biswas and Khan, Project Report on Utilization and Estima- tion of Crop Biomass and Bio-Energy, Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; 2000.
Hossain SMI, Zaman MA, Huq MM, Abdullah M. Potential of sugarcane as a renewable source of energy in Bangladesh. Journal of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanics. 1994;1(1):47–52.
Mondal MRI, Wahhab MA. Production Technology of Oilcrops, Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh; 2001.
Zaman MA. Biomass and bioenergy potentials of selected agricultural crops in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Renewable Energy: Biomass/Bio Energy, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2006.
Ali OM. Production through relay cropping in transplant aman rice in medium low lands of Bangladesh [Ph.D. thesis], Department of Botany, Life and Earth Science Faculty, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; 2010.
Grover S, Kathuria RS, Kaur M. Energy values and technologies for non woody biomass: as a clean source of energy,” IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 2012;1(2):10–14.
Biomass Energy Foundation: Proximate/Ultimate Analysis.
Available:http://drtlud.com/BEF/proximat.htm.
Schaffer and Associates International, Rice Husk to Energy: A Preliminary Assessment for the Republic of Mali, Schaf fer and Associates International, Baton Rouge, La, USA; 2005.
Singh RI. Combustion of biomass in an atmospheric Fbc: an experience and study, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, December; 2007.
Yokoyama S, Ogi T, Nalampoon A. Biomass energy potential in Thailand. Biomass Bioenergy. 2000;18:405–10.
Koopmans A. Biomass energy resources for power and energy. In: Options for dendro power in Asia: report of the expert consultation 1998. Manila, bvgPhilippines: FAO; 1998.
Mondal AH. Implications of renewable energy technologies in the Bangla- desh power sector: long-term planning strategies. ZEF; 2010.
Koopmans A, Koppejan J. Agricultural and forest residues—generation, utilization and availability. In: Regional consultation on modern applications of biomass energy 1997. Kualampur, Malaysia: FAO; 1997; 6–10.
Demirbaş Ayhan. Calculation of higher heating values of biomass fuels. Fuel 1997;76(5):431–4.
Md. Ashraful Islam , Md. Shameem Hossain , Md. Ashraful islam , Md. Tanzilul Islam and Salma A. Iqbal. “Municipal Solid Waste Management in Sylhet City, Bangladesh”, Proceedings of the WasteSafe 2017 – 5th International Conference on Solid Waste Management in South Asian Countries 25-27 February Khulna, Bangladesh; 2017.
Ahsan A., Alamgir M, El-Sergany MM, Shams S, Rowshon MD, Nik Daud NN. Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in a Developing Country, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Chinese Journal of Engineering; 2014.
Article ID 561935
M. Alamgir.,A. Ahsan. Municipal Solid Waste And Recovery Potential: Bangladesh Perspective. Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 2007;4(2):67-76.
Md. Anwarul Abedin and M. Jahiruddin. “Waste generation and management in Bangladesh: An overview. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015;1(1):114-120.
SMS Rahman, S.S., Kashif Mahmud. Study of Solid Waste Management and its Impact on Climate Change: A Case Study of Dhaka City in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Environment Network JAPAN (BENJapan). 2009;229-231.
Hamid Khan, A.,Fayyaz Khan, M. Prospects of electricity generation from municipal solid waste of Dhaka city. Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET), 2009 1st International Conference on the IEEE; 2009;1-4.
Sufian MA, Bala BK. Modelling of electrical energy recovery from urban solid waste system: The case of Dhaka city. Renewable Energy. 2006;31:1573-1580.
Bahauddin KM, Uddin MH. Prospect of solid waste situation and an approach of environmental management measure (EMM) Model for Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Case Study of Dhaka City. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources. 2012;5(1):99-111.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) and ADB Institute. Partnerships for Better Municipal Management”.Manila: ADB, Philippines; 2000.
Zurbrügg C. Urban Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries of Asia How to Cope with the Garbage Crisis” paper presented for: Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) Urban Solid Waste Management Review Session, Durban, South Africa; 2002.
JICA. The study on the solid waste management in Dhaka city Clean Dhaka Master Plan. Japan Internal Cooperation Agency (JICA), Pacific Consultants International Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Dhaka; 2005.
A.Z.A. Saifullah, Md. Tasbirul Islam. “Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Dhaka City, Bangladesh”, American Journal of Engineering Research. 5(2):88-100.
Rathi S. Alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India. Waste Management.2006;26:1192-1200
Keser S, Duzgun S, Aksoy A. Application of spatial and non-spatial data analysis in determination of the factors that impact municipal solid waste generation rates in Turkey. Waste management. 2012;32: 359-371.
Weng Y-C,Fujiwara T. Examining the effectiveness of municipal solid waste management systems: an integrated cost– benefit analysis perspective with a financial cost modeling in Taiwan. Waste management. 2011;31:1393-1406.
Md. Lokman Hossain , Satyajit Roy Das , Snigdha Talukder , Mohammed Kamal Hossain. Generation of Municipal Solid Waste in Commercial City of Bangladesh”, Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques. 2014;2(3):109-114.
Nasrin ST. Urban Development on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2014.
Suraiya Yasmin1, Md Imranur Rahman. A Review of Solid Waste Management Practice in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.
DOI: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20170502.11
R. P. Singh, V. V. Tyagi, T. Allen, M. H. Ibrahim, and R. Kothari, “An overview for exploring the possibilities of energy genera- tion from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Indian scenario,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011; 15(9): 4797–4808.
Pasek A D,. Gultom KW, A. Suwono, Feasibility of recovering energy from municipal solid waste to generate electricity,” Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences. 2013;45(3):241–256.
Wess JA., Olsen LD, Sweeney MH, Concise Inter- national Chemical Assessment Document 59. Asphalt (Bitu- men), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004.
Available:http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad59.pdf.
N. Othman, N. E. A. Basri, N. M. Yunus, and L. M. Sidek, “Determination of physical and chemical characteristics of electronic plastic waste (Ep-Waste) resin using proximate and ultimate analysis method,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Construction and Building Technology. 2008;169– 180.
Castaldi MJ. Perspectives on sustainable waste management. Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering. 2014;5:547
Peng X, Ou W, Wang, C., Wang, Z., Huang Q, Jin J, Tan, J. Occurrence and ecological potential of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in groundwater and reservoirs in the vicinity of municipal landfills in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2014; 490:889-898.
Smith C, Whitty K, Quintero M, Ojeda BS. Opportunities for Energy Produc- tion from Solid Waste in the Mexicali Region. Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Salt Lake City: Utah; 2007;2–5.
Parizeau K, Maclaren V, Chanthy L. Waste characterization as an element of waste management planning: lessons learned from a study in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2006;49:110–28.
Kofoworola O., Recovery and recycling practices in municipal solid waste management in Lagos, Nigeria. Waste management. 2007;27:1139-1143.
Assamoi, B.,Lawryshyn, Y. The environmental comparison of landfilling vs. incineration of MSW accounting for waste diversion. Waste management. 2012;32: 1019-1030.
Chattopadhyay, S., Dutta, A.,Ray, S., 2009. Municipal solid waste management in Kolkata, India – A review. Waste Management. 2009;29:1449-1458.
Enayetullah I, Hossain, I., Sinha, A.H.M.M. Alam M. CDM and its Opportunities in Bangladesh Capacity Development for Clean Development Mechanism in Bangladesh. WASTE CONCERN, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2003.
Barun Kumar Das, Md. Abdul Kader, S.M.Najmul Hoque. “Energy Recovery Potential from Municipal Solid Waste in Rajshahi City by Landfill Technique”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH, Vol.4, No.2, 2014.
Available:http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/bangladesh-population/ Accessed on 2019.
Waste Concern.
Available:http://www.wasteconcern.org/.
Available:http://www.dls.gov.bd/site/page/22b1143b-9323-44f8-bfd8-647087828c9b/Livestock-Economy
Mondal MAH, Denich M. Assessment of renewable energy resources poten- tial for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renew Sustainable Energy Rev 2010;14(8):2401–13.
Narang HP, Parashar DC, Bhattacharya SC, Salam PA. A study of biomass as a source of energy in India. RERIC Int Energy J. 1999;21:11–23.
Othman MYH, Yatim B, Salleh MM. Chicken dung biogas power generating system in Malaysia. Renew Energy 1996;9:930–3.
Parikh JK, Ramanathan R. Linkages among energy, agriculture and environ- ment in rural India. Energy Econ 1999;21:561–85.
Auke Koopmans and Jaap Koppejan. Agricultural and forest Residues Generation, Utilization and Availability. FAO ;1998.
Rashid MA. A review of the forest status in Bangladesh and the potential for forest restoration for wildlife conservation.
APFSOS II. Biomass energy in the Asia-pacific region: current status, trends and future setting by Tini Gumartini. Bangkok: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations regional office for Asia and the pacific; 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Year book of forest products, 2016. (http://www.fao.org/3/I9987M/i9987m.pdf)
Hashem MA. Wood fuel utilization in rural industries. In: National Training Course on Wood fuel in Bangladesh—Production and Marketing Bogra, Bangladesh: FAO. 1996;7–11.
Rosemarie Yevich, Jennifer A. Logan. An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world. Submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles; 2002.
Ravindranath NH, Somashekar HI, Nagaraja MS, Sudha P, Sangeetha G, Bhattacharya SC, et al. Assessment of sustainable non-plantation biomass resources potential for energy in India. Biomass Bioenergy. 2005;29 (3):178– 90.
Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P, Runqing H, Somashekar HI, Racelis DA, Rathnasiri PG, et al. An assessment of the potential for non-plantation biomass resources in selected Asian countries for 2010. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3):153–66.
Junfeng L, Runqing H, Yanqin S, Jingli S, Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P. Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in China. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3):167–77.
Sajjakulnukit B, Yingyuad R, Maneekhao V, Pongnarintasut V, Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P. Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non- plantation biomass resources in Thailand. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3): 214–24.
Elauria JC, Castro MLY, Elauria MM, Bhattacharya SC, Abdul Salam P. Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in the Philippines. Biomass Bioenergy 2005;29(3):191–8.
Halder Pk, Paul N, Beg M RA. Assessment of biomass energy resources and related technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 39. 2014;444-460.
Rehling U. Small biogas plants, Biogas plant for rural household. Design and Construction, SESAM Sustainable Energy Systems and Management, Flensburg, Germany; 2001.
Available:http://www.uni-flensburg.de/sesam/
Description of the biggest production in an agricultural biogas plant; 2013.
Available:http:// www.bios-bioenergy.at/ en/electricity-from-biomass/biogas.html
NWP, editor. Smart Sanitation Solutions. Examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment and use of sanitation products. Amsterdam: Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP); 2006.
Available:http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default /files/NWP-2006-Smartsanita tion.pdf
ASHDEN, editor. Domestic biogas for cooking and sanitation. London: The Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy; 2005.
Available:http://www.ashden.org/win ners/bsp〉
[Accessed June 2013]
Government of the people’s republic of bangladesh ministry of power, energy and mineral resources, national energy policy, Dhaka; 2004.
Md. Tahmid Farhan Himel, Sheikh Shehab Uddin, Fahmid Kabir , Abu Hena MD Shatil, “Analysis of pH factor of Small Range Biogas Production with Local Ingredients. Cardiff Journals. 2018;33:77-83.
K. Aktaruzzaman, “Operation and Maintenance of Biogas Plants, Production of Biogas and Generation of Electricity”, National Training Workshop on ‘Renewable Energy Education in Bangladesh’ organized by the Centre for Energy Studies , BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2003.
An Aspect of Biogas Plants at Pabna District in Bangladesh by T.H. Mahdi#1, Z.M. Hasib#2, M. Ali*3, M.A.R. Sarkar#4 #Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Final report Biogas Audit Bangladesh 2011 – 2013. Volume II NDBMP-IDCOL Dhaka/Bangladesh.
Biogas upgrading technologies development and innovation by Anneli Petarsson and Arthur Wellinger.
The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste in Bangladesh. A Case Study of Gazipur District by SHEIKH ASHRAF UZ ZAMAN Matriculation No. 533137, Supervisors: 1. Dipl.-Ing. Wulf Boie 2. Dr. Dieter W. Klein
D. Dayton, A Review of the Literature on Catalytic Biomass Tar Destruction: Milestone Completion Report, NREL/TP, Golden, Colo, USA; 2002.
Kishore VVN, Ed., Renewable Energy, Engineering and Technology: A Knowledge Compendium, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India; 2008.
Dasappa S, Subbukrishna DN, Suresh KC, P. J. Paul, and G. S. Prabhu. Operational experience on a grid connected 100 kWe biomass gasification power plant in Karnataka, India. Energy for Sustainable Development. 2011;15(3):231–239.
Ghosh S, Das TK., T. Jash. Sustainability of decentralized woodfuel-based power plant: an experience in India. Energy. 2004;29(1):155–166.
Jain BC. Commercialising biomass gasifiers: Indian experi- ence,” Energy for Sustainable Development. 2000;4(3):72– 82.
Ravindranath NH, Somashekar HI, S. Dasappa, and C. N. J. Reddy, “Sustainable biomass power for rural India: case study of biomass gasifier for village electrification. Current Science. 2004; 87(7):32–941.
Environmental Protection Agency Combined Heat and Power Partnership (EPA-CHP), Biomass Conversion Technologies in Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA; 2007.
Bhattacharya SC , P. A. Salam, A Review of Selected Biomass Energy Technologies, Asian Regional Research Programme in Energy, Environment and Climate (ARRPEEC), Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand; 2006.
Infrastructure Development Company Limited.
Available:http://www.idcol.org/energy Project.php
[Accessed June 2013].
Moral M.N.A, and Rahman A.N.M.M. Briquetting Activities in Bangladesh. Proceedings of Training Workshop on Renewable Energy Education and Application for Rural Communities in Bangladesh. Organized by Center for Energy Studies, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1999;368-379.
BBS. Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, published in December 2005; 2004.
Bhattacharya SC, Leon MA, Rahman MM. A study on improved biomass briquetting. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomass- based Fuels and Cooking Systems, BFCS, Pune, India. 2000;20–24.
Bhattacharya SC, Leon MA, Rahman MM. A study on improved biomass briquetting. Energy Sustainable Dev 2002;2:106– 10.
Moral MNA. Biomass densification: development of briquetting packages in Bangladesh. UK: World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC); 2000.
Moral MNA, Rahman MM. Utilization of biomass for briquetting in Bangla- desh. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2001.
Rahman ANMM, Moral MNA, Rahman MM. State of the art of biomass briquetting in Bangladesh. In: Proceedings of the International Conference and Workshop on Critical Issues in Energy and Development – Challenges for the OIC Countries, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2000;234–43.
Ahmed S, Rahman MM, Islam MA, Mashud M, Moral MNA. Role of biomass briquetting in the renewable energy sector and poverty diminution for Bangladesh.
Alam MM, Islam H, Hasan M, Siddique TA. A study of biomass briquette in Bangladesh.
Rasel Ahmed, Raju Ahamed. International Conference on Energy and Environment; 2018. Paper ID [ICEE_2018_01]
World Health Organization (WHO). Available:http://www.who.int/mediacentre/fact sheets /fs292/en/
[accessed June 2013].
Md Faysal Ahmed Jamadder. The Mechanization of Everyday Life: How Improved Cook Stove and Gas Stove Entered in Rural Areas of Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management. 2017;9(32).
ISSN 2222-1905 ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
MA Quaiyum Sarkar, Nasima Akter, Mizanur Rahman. Assessment of Existing Improved Cook Stove in Bangladesh. BRAC Research Report; 2006.
Alam S. Integrated modeling of a rural energy system: A system dynamics approach. (ph.d. thesis). dhaka, bangladesh: department of electrical and electronics engineering, bangladesh university of engineering and technology; 1991.
Biswas WK, Lucas NJD. Energy consumption in the domestic sector in a Bangladesh village. Energy 1997;22:771–6.
The State of Renewable Energies in Europe, 14th Eur Observ’ER Report, 14th Edition.
Bose SK. Wood fuel production programs and strategies of the forest department. In: National training course on wood fuel in Bangladesh— Production and marketing 1996. Bogra, Bangladesh: FAO; 1991;7–11.
Samina Rahman, Mohammad I. Azim. Sustainability and the Environment: Prospect and Challenges of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh. Electronic copy Available:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1951606
Beck F, Martinot E. Renewable Energy Policies and Barriers. Forthcoming in Encyclopedia of Energy, viewed on 5 September; 2011.
Available:http://martinot.info/Beck_Martinot_AP.pdf.
Ahiduzzaman M. Rice Husk Energy Technologies in Bangladesh. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal. Invited Overview. 2007;1(9).
DoE. A Compliation of Environmental Laws of Bangladesh administered by the Department of Environment. Published by department of Environment. Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The People's Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka; 2003.
Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources. The People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Available:http://energyhack.mpemr.gov.bd/challenges/
Gustavsson L, Madlener R. CO2 mitigation costs of large-scale Bioenergy technologies in competitive electricity markets. Energy. 2003;28:1405–25.
-
Abstract View: 3671 times
PDF Download: 1213 times
Download Statistics
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
