Kariya Biodiesel Process Optimization Using Kariya Pod-husks Bio-catalyzed
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews,
Page 33-47
DOI:
10.9734/jenrr/2022/v11i430285
Abstract
In this study, biodiesel was produced from underutilized kariya oilseed using ethanol in the presence of kariya pod-husks bio-catalyst. The oil used was extracted through the soxhlet solvent extraction approach. Transesterification of kariya seed oil was investigated using Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response surface methodology. Process factors such as reaction temperature (65, 70, and 85oC), reaction time (2, 3, and 4 h), and ethanol/kariya oil molar ratio (8:1, 10:1, and 12:1) were modeled based on CCD experimental design. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced, and its blends with petrol-diesel were determined. The average yield of extracted kariya oil was 32.55 wt. %. Based on the results, biodiesel yield of 94.41 wt.% was obtained at optimal conditions; a temperature of 75oC, time of 2 h, and ethanol: oil mole ratio of 10:1 at catalyst loading of 5 wt.%. The physicochemical and fuel properties of produced biodiesel and its blend were well within American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) standard and compared favorably with petrol-diesel.
Keywords:
- Kariya oil biodiesel
- heterogeneous catalyst
- transesterification
- bio-catalyst
How to Cite
Ogundahunsi, O. E., Ogunsina, B. S., & Aransiola, E. F. (2022). Kariya Biodiesel Process Optimization Using Kariya Pod-husks Bio-catalyzed. Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 11(4), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v11i430285
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Atabani A, Silitonga A, Ong H, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Badruddin IA, Fayaz H. Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance, and emissions production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013b;18:211-245.
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Ju Y, Vali SR. Rice bran oil as a potential resource for biodiesel: a review. J Sci Ind Res. 2005;64(11):866.
Falowo OA, Oloko-Oba MI, Betiku E. Biodiesel production intensification via microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of oil blend using nanoparticles from elephant-ear tree pod husk as a base heterogeneous catalyst. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification. 2019;140:157-170.
Sharma YC, Singh B, Korstad J. Latest developments on application of heterogeneous basic catalysts for an efficient and ecofriendly synthesis of biodiesel: a review. Biofuel Journal. 2011;90:1309-1324.
Atabani AE, Silitonga AS, Badruddin IA, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Mekhilef S. A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012;16:2070-2093.
Sanjay B. Non-conventional seed oils as potential feedstock for future biodiesel industries: a brief review. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2013;3(5):99-103.
Vuppaladadiyam VK, Sangeetha CJ, Sowmya V. Trans-esterification of pongamiapinnata oil using base catalysts: A laboratory scale study. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. 2013;3(1):113-118.
Rao TV, Rao GP, Reddy KHC. Experimental investigation of pongamia, jatropha and neem methyl esters as biodiesel on C.I. engine. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved 118. 2008;2:2 (ISSN 1995-6665)
Atabani A, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Badruddin IA, Yussof HW, Chong W, Lee KT. a comparative evaluation of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel synthesized from edible and non-edible oils and study on the effect of biodiesel blending. Energy. 2013a;58:296-304.
Ramadhas A, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C, Padmakumari K. Artificial neural networks used for the prediction of the cetane number of biodiesel. Renewable energy. 2006;31:2524-2533.
Atabani AE, César AdS. Calophyllum inophyllum L. – A prospective non edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of Biodiesel Production, Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Blending and Engine Performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014;37:644-655.
Gerpen J. Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Processing Technology. 2005;86:1097-1107.
Westermann P, Jorgensen B, Lange L, Ahring BK, Christensen CH. Maximizing renewable hydrogen production from biomass in a bio/catalytic refinery. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2007;32:4135–4141.
Crabbe E, Nolasco-Hipolito C, Kobayashi G, Sonomoto K, Ishizaki A. Biodiesel production from crude palm oil and evaluation of butanol extraction and fuel properties. Process biochemistry. 2001; 37:65-71.
Betiku E, Ajala SO. Modeling and Optimization of thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) oil biodiesel synthesis via musa paradisiacal (plantain) peels as heterogeneous base catalyst: A case of artificial neural network vs. response surface methodology. Industrial Crops and Products. 2014;53:314-322.
Thompson JC, Peterson CL, Reece DL. Beck SM. Two-year storage study with methyl and ethyl esters of rapeseed. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1998;41(4):931–939.
Adebayo WA, Ogunsina BS, Gbadamosi SO. Some Physio-chemical and functional properties of kariya (Hildergadia barteri) seed flours. Ife Journal of Science. 2013;15 (3):477-488.
Adebayo AW, Ogunsina BS, Gbadamosi OS. The effect of cold-pressing and solvent extraction on some characteristics of kariya (Hildergadia barteri) seed oil, Nutrition and Food Science. 2015;45(4):625-633.
Okeleye AA, Betiku E. Kariya (Hildegardia barteri) seed oil extraction: Comparative evaluation of solvents, modeling, and optimization techniques. Chemical Engineering Communications. 2019; 206:1181-1198.
Betiku E, Okeleye AA, Ishola NB, Osunleke AS, Ojumu TV. Development of a novel mesoporous biocatalyst derived from kola nut pod husk for conversion of kariya seed oil to methyl esters: A case of synthesis, modeling and optimization studies. Catalysis Letters. 2019;149:1772-1787.
AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists; 1990
ASTM. Biodiesel Specification. ASTM. 2002;6751–02.
Ogundahunsi OE, Fagunwa AO, Ayorinde AT. Random surface methodology: Process optimization for peanut oil extraction in a mechanical oil expeller. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology. 2022;10(4):663-668.
Oluwadare AO, Adeniyi EA. Potential of seed oil Hildegardia barteri (mast.) Kosterm for biodiesel production. Presentation in SWST International Convention: Renewable Materials and the Bio-Economy, Dept. of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; 2015.
Bamgboye AI, Oniya OO. Fuel properties of loofah (Luffa cylindrica L.) biofuel blended with diesel. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2012;6(9):346-352.
Ogundahunsi OE, Ayorinde AT, Olaosebikan. Performance evaluation of groundnut oil extracting machine developed for small scale farmers. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. 2021;12(7):1460-1471.
Atabani A, Silitonga A, Ong H, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Badruddin IA, Fayaz H. Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance, and emissions production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013b;18:211-245.
Ibeto CN, Okoye COB, Ofoefule AU. Comparative study of the physicochemical characterization of some oils as potential feedstock for biodiesel production. ISRN Renewable Energy; 2012.
Folaranmi J. Production of biodiesel (B100) from jatropha oil using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Journal of Petroleum Engineering. 2013;13:1-6.
Demirbaş A. Biodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in supercritical methanol. Energy Conversion and Management. 2002;43:2349-2356.
Antony-Raja S, Robinson-smart DS, Robert-Lee C. Biodiesel production from jatropha oil and its characterization. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2011;1(1):81-85.
Akpabio UD, Akpakpan AE, Matthew IE, Akpan AU. Extraction and characterization of oil from avocado pear (Persea americana) and native pear (Dacryodes edulis) fruits. World Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2011;3(2): 27-34.
Ogunsina BS, Olaoye IO, Adegbenjo AO, Babawale BD. Nutritional and physical properties of kariya seeds. International Journal of Agrophysics. 2011;25:97- 100.
Akbar E, Zahira Y, Siti KK, Manal I, Jumat S. Characteristic and Composition of Jatropha curcas Oil Seed from Malaysia and its Potential as Biodiesel Feedstock, Eur. J. of Scientific Res. 2009;29(3):396-403.
Encinar JF, Gonzalez G, Martinez N, Sanchez J, Gonzalez G. Synthesis and characterization of biodiesel obtained from castor oil trans-esterification, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality; 2010.
Ramadhas AS, Muraleedharan C, Jayaraj S. Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fuelled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil. Renewable Energy. 2005;(30):1789–1800.
Ju Y, Vali SR. Rice bran oil as a potential resource for biodiesel: a review. J Sci Ind Res. 2005;64(11):866.
Falowo OA, Oloko-Oba MI, Betiku E. Biodiesel production intensification via microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of oil blend using nanoparticles from elephant-ear tree pod husk as a base heterogeneous catalyst. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification. 2019;140:157-170.
Sharma YC, Singh B, Korstad J. Latest developments on application of heterogeneous basic catalysts for an efficient and ecofriendly synthesis of biodiesel: a review. Biofuel Journal. 2011;90:1309-1324.
Atabani AE, Silitonga AS, Badruddin IA, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Mekhilef S. A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012;16:2070-2093.
Sanjay B. Non-conventional seed oils as potential feedstock for future biodiesel industries: a brief review. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2013;3(5):99-103.
Vuppaladadiyam VK, Sangeetha CJ, Sowmya V. Trans-esterification of pongamiapinnata oil using base catalysts: A laboratory scale study. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. 2013;3(1):113-118.
Rao TV, Rao GP, Reddy KHC. Experimental investigation of pongamia, jatropha and neem methyl esters as biodiesel on C.I. engine. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved 118. 2008;2:2 (ISSN 1995-6665)
Atabani A, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Badruddin IA, Yussof HW, Chong W, Lee KT. a comparative evaluation of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel synthesized from edible and non-edible oils and study on the effect of biodiesel blending. Energy. 2013a;58:296-304.
Ramadhas A, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C, Padmakumari K. Artificial neural networks used for the prediction of the cetane number of biodiesel. Renewable energy. 2006;31:2524-2533.
Atabani AE, César AdS. Calophyllum inophyllum L. – A prospective non edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of Biodiesel Production, Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Blending and Engine Performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014;37:644-655.
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