Journal of Energy Research and Reviews

In recent years, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids for high-performance thermal systems has attracted significant attention due to increasing energy demands in process industries, electronics cooling, and renewable energy applications. Nanofluids have been widely utilized to enhance thermal efficiency in engineering systems such as concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. In this study, the energy enhancement, entropy generation, and thermal transport characteristics of an electromagnetic tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid flow in a nonlinear radiative CSP system are investigated. A composite SiO₂-TiO₂/C2H₆O₂ nanofluid flowing over a Riga surface with convective boundary conditions is considered. The transformed governing momentum and energy equations, incorporating the quadratic Boussinesq approximation, hyperbolic tangent rheological model, viscous dissipation, electromagnetic effects, and nonlinear thermal radiation, are derived using similarity transformations. The resulting system is solved numerically using a Chebyshev spectral method coupled with a collocation integration scheme. The results indicate that the thermal profile increases with rising thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and temperature ratio parameters. Furthermore, entropy generation significantly increases with higher values of the temperature ratio parameter andWeissenberg number, indicating enhanced irreversibility in the system. Also, The velocity slip parameters exhibit dual patterns on the flow mechanism, at the wall (n = 0) enhances the velocity magnitude, whereas slip away from the wall (n = 1) lowers the velocity distribution. The findings demonstrate that electromagnetic hybrid nanofluids, when properly optimized, can significantly improve energy efficiency and thermal performance in nonlinear radiative CSP systems.